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Butterfly Farming Entomology Monarch (Danaus plexippus)

How to Tell Male from Female Monarch Butterflies?

How to tell male and female Monarch butterflies is quite straightforward once you know what to look for. There are two main features to examine:

1. How to Tell Male from Female by Wing Pattern

Both male and female Monarchs have orange wings with black veins, but the patterns are slightly different. Male Monarchs have thinner black webbing within their wings, while females have thicker webbing.

Thicker webbing of the underside of the hindwing of a Female Monarch Butterfly
The underside of male hindwing is more challenging. Still, the male’s gland tends to wrinkle the wing material, making it possible to spot a male from below, after some practice.

2. How to Tell Male from Female by Hind Wings

The most distinctive way to tell the sexes apart is by looking at the Monarch’s hind wings. Males have a small, black spot on each of their hind wings, near the center. These spots are scent glands used in mating and are not present in female Monarchs.

Males have a small, black spot (gland) on each of their hind wings, near the center.
Females have no such glands, and thicker webbing.

So, if you see a Monarch butterfly with small black spots on the hind wings and slightly thinner black webbing, it’s a male. If the black webbing is thicker and there are no spots on the hind wings, it’s a female. Know you know how to tell male from female Monarch butterflies.

Challenge: Are these male or female?

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