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Botany Milkweeds (Asclepias)

What is it Called When a Plant Spreads its Seeds Using the Wind?

In botany, “anemochory” is the term for seeds, spores, or fruit which are dispersed by the wind. It is from the Greek words anemo- (“wind”) +‎ -chory (“seed dispersal”).

Anemochory refers to a method of seed dispersal that relies on wind as the primary agent for moving seeds away from the parent plant. Many plant species in the Neotropical Realm, which encompasses much of the Americas have evolved mechanisms for anemochory. This strategy allows plants, such as Milkweed, to disperse their seeds over long distances and colonize new areas.

Seeds of a Milkweed (Asclepias) ready for liftoff.

In the Neotropical Realm, various plant species have adaptations that facilitate anemochory. These adaptations include lightweight seeds and structures that aid in wind dispersal. Some plants have wing-like structures or feathery appendages on their seeds, enabling them to catch the wind and be carried away. Other plants produce small, compact seeds that are easily carried by air currents.

The Caribbean Bioregion, located within the Neotropical Realm, is susceptible to severe weather events such as hurricanes and tropical storms. These weather phenomena can have a significant impact on seed dispersal in the region. During severe weather events, strong winds and rainfall can dislodge mature seeds from plants and carry them over long distances.

Anemochorous species, such as Milkweed, send their seeds across the entire Neotropics, including the United States, thanks to tropical storms.

The Caribbean Bioregion consists of diverse ecosystems, including coastal areas, forests, and islands. Hurricanes and tropical storms can cause substantial destruction to these habitats, resulting in the dispersal of seeds across different landscapes. The powerful winds associated with these weather events can carry seeds far beyond their typical dispersal range, allowing for colonization of new areas and promoting genetic diversity.

Severe weather events can also influence seed dispersal patterns within the Caribbean Bioregion. For example, coastal plant species may have their seeds carried inland by storm surges or high winds. This movement of seeds can contribute to the regeneration and recovery of coastal ecosystems after storm damage.

Close-up of the ever-anemochorous Milkweed seeds.

Even insects can be anemochorous; spiders and other bugs often send their young out on the wind.

In summary, anemochory is an important seed dispersal strategy among plant (and insect) species in the Neotropical Realm. Within the Caribbean Bioregion, severe weather events like hurricanes and tropical storms can facilitate the dispersal of seeds over long distances, contributing to the colonization of new areas and the regeneration of ecosystems… one day at a time!

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