While these points provide some context and nuance to the discussion, the consensus among most scientists and conservationists is that the Monarch butterfly, particularly the eastern North American population, has experienced a significant decline. The debate often centers on the specific causes, the best strategies for conservation, and how to balance ecological concerns with other societal needs.
Papers Against a Decline:
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/gcb.16282
Papers Supporting a Decline:
Boyle, J. H., Dalgleish, H. J., & Puzey, J. R. (2019). Monarch butterfly and milkweed declines substantially predate the use of genetically modified crops. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 116(8), 3006–3011. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26671942
Landis, T. D. (2014). Monarch waystations: PROPAGATING NATIVE PLANTS TO CREATE TRAVEL CORRIDORS FOR MIGRATING MONARCH BUTTERFLIES. Native Plants Journal, 15(1), 5–16. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26524700
M.S., J.W., & T.J. (2019). In this issue . . . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 116(8), 2777–2778. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26671905
https://www.fws.gov/media/monarch-butterfly-species-status-assessment-ssa-report
https://www.fws.gov/media/species-status-assessment-fact-sheet
https://ipac.ecosphere.fws.gov/
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